Hunter had been placing artillery batteries, digging trenches, and obstructed harbor channels to ready the defense of Galveston. Under the supervision of Major General John B.
Because of the shape of Galveston Bay, blockading the port would require at least two ships. William McKean, commander of the Gulf Blockading Squadron, doubted the accuracy of the British report but forwarded the information to the United States Secretary of the Navy. Under international law of the time, a blockade needed to be effective in order to be legal, and in December, HMS Desperate visited Galveston and saw no US Navy presence. After the blockade order was issued, Union Navy ships were sent to the Texas coast, but the blockade was not immediately effective. At the time, the most significant port on the Texas portion of the Confederate coastline was Galveston. When the American Civil War began in April 1861, President of the United States Abraham Lincoln declared a naval blockade of the coastline and ports of the Confederate States of America, with the goal of cutting the Confederates off from foreign trade. The battlefield has lost historical integrity due to development and changes in the shoreline.īackground Wartime map of Galveston The Confederates recaptured Galveston on January 1, 1863, in the Battle of Galveston. At the expiration of the truce, Union troops landed in Galveston and raised the United States flag over the city. The terms of the truce were unclear, and the Confederates used the truce to evacuate the city, which was initially objected to by Renshaw. Misunderstandings led to artillery fire, although a four-day truce was eventually made. The Confederate boat headed for the Union fleet, which moved towards the bay under flags of truce to meet it. Cook, could not get a boat to Harriet Lane in a timely manner, and the Union ship left the bay. The Confederates, commanded by Colonel Joseph J. Renshaw approached Galveston, and a single ship, USRC Harriet Lane was sent into Galveston Bay under a flag of truce. On October 4, five Union naval vessels commanded by Commander William B. While Galveston was defended by Confederate forces, most of the cannons in the city's defenses were removed, as Galveston was thought to be indefensible. After attempts to blockade the Texas coastline were unsuccessful, the Union Navy decided to attempt to capture the port of Galveston. The Battle of Galveston Harbor was fought at Galveston, Texas on October 4, 1862, during the American Civil War.
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